QUESTION:
My brother took his driving test on Friday here in New York. In the past, some people have threatened or attacked the driving instructors that failed them, so now results aren't given in person—they are only shared by phone after 6pm.
But since sunset comes early during these winter months, it is already Shabbos by the time they call, which means my brother has to wait anxiously all Shabbos for his results. As his sister, I am wondering: Could I call the DMV and say that I am his wife and attempt to persuade them to provide the results before Shabbos? If I am honest and say that I am calling as his sister, I worry they will not take me seriously and I will not be able to persuade them.
ANSWER:
The Gemara in Yevamos 65b establishes the principle of "Mutar Leshanos Mipnei HaShalom" - it is permitted to deviate from the truth for the sake of peace. Rabbi Nosson goes further and says it is even a Mitzvah to do so. So in your case, to save your brother from anxiety and allow him to have a peaceful Shabbos, it is possible that a lie may be permitted.
However, there are some key points to keep in mind: The Sefer Chassidim (#426) specifies that this leniency applies only to events that have already occurred, not to present or future events. The Eliyahu Rabbah (Siman 166) supports this interpretation. According to Rav Yavrov (Niv Sfasayim Vol. II #6), it is preferable to follow the Sefer Chassidim's guidance whenever possible. Therefore, using a lie to obtain information about something that might happen in the future—such as whether your brother can drive—may not be covered by this leniency.
Rav Yavrov (Niv Sfasayim Section II #5 and #6) explains that the leniency of Mutar Leshanos Mipnei HaShalom only applies to people who are generally committed to leading a life of complete honesty. If one is generally not careful with the truth, one may not avail oneself of this dispensation. Additionally, Rav Yavrov advises that even when permitted, one should phrase things so that what is said could still theoretically be interpreted in a truthful manner.
It is important to reduce instances of dishonesty whenever possible. Instead of misrepresenting oneself as a spouse, one should consider a different strategy—for example, stating: "I am contacting you on behalf of my brother regarding his road test results due to an urgent family concern." This approach maintains the significance of the request without resorting to a direct falsehood.
In circumstances where there is absolutely no alternative, and your brother would experience considerable anxiety during Shabbos, certain Halachic authorities may allow you to lie under the principal of Mutar LeShanos Mipnei HaShalom. However, such exceptions should remain infrequent, otherwise one can habituate oneself to lying which must be avoided.
