This is the teaching regarding a man who would die in a tent. (19:14)
Chazal (Shabbos 83b) teach, “One should never refrain from (going to the) Bais ha’Medrash and from studying words of Torah – even during the moments prior to his taking leave of this world.” Torah reigns supreme and, without it, our lives are not the same. We should devote every minute that is available to Torah study – even at the time of death. Furthermore, Ein haTorah miskayemes ela b’mi she’meimis atzmo alehah; “The Torah is not maintained in a person unless he dies for it.” Adam ki yamus b’ohel, “If a man dies in a tent” has become the catch phrase for limud haTorah. One must give it his “all” – even to the point of his life.
Parashas Chukas is synonymous with Torah study. The Magen Avraham (Orach Chaim 580:9) cites the custom of fasting Erev Shabbos Parashas Chukas because a number of evil decrees against the Torah were issued on that day. In 1242 the most infamous incursion was the burning of twenty-four wagon loads of the Talmud in France. Over 10,000 manuscripts of the Oral Law went up on a pyre, an action initiated by Nicholas Donin, a Jewish apostate, and sanctioned by Pope Gregory. It is specifically for this reason that it is vital for the week of the reading of Parashas Chukas to engender a renewed and stronger commitment to Torah study.
One question stands out that requires resolution. Understandably, Parashas Chukas is a time for increased Torah, but what does Torah study have to do with Parah Adumah, the Red Cow? The entire procedure is laden with esoteric mystery. Indeed, the entire set of laws involving tumah v’taharah, ritual impurity and purity, are beyond our mortal cognitive abilities.
Horav Shmuel Auerbach, zl, explains the relationship between, “The Torah is not maintained in a person unless he (is prepared to) dies for it,” and Parah Adumah, the paradigmatic chok, mitzvah which defies human rationale. The Rosh Yeshivah explains that just as the rationale behind parah adumah is beyond our ability to understand, success in Torah is also not within the limits of human comprehension. One is either all in or all out. Partial involvement does not apply to Torah. If one does not apply all of himself to Torah, he will have nothing.
Horav Auerbach applies an analogy to a contractor who is building a house. He builds the house in stages. First comes the foundation, followed by the walls, and then the roof. After that, he works on the inside, laying the floor, creating the various rooms until everything is framed. Once all this is successfully in place, he begins the finishing aspect of the job. If, for some reason, the contractor stops in middle of the job, can one suggest that he had done nothing? No! He completed a percentage of the job. He will either continue until completion or someone else will step in and complete the remainder of the job. Likewise, in most endeavours, even if one has not completed the work, what he has achieved is apparent in the percentage of the work he has completed. In some areas of endeavour, however, it is all or nothing. For example, if one is about to make a phone call and he is missing one of the ten numbers, can he say that he has ninety percent of the number? Absolutely not! He has nothing. One either has the entire ten numbers, or he has nothing at all.
This idea applies to a chok. If the barometer of learning is such that one must learn to the point of meimis atzmo adehah, killing himself for it, halfway is no way. We have no room for percentages. He either learns properly, or he does not learn! Chukim are not given to change. The person must carry out the chok one hundred percent. Anything less is not learning. This is how one acquires Torah.
Understandably, one does not become a gadol b’Yisrael, Torah giant, unaccompanied by extreme diligence and toil in Torah study. I have selected three short vignettes which have inspired me. Horav Akiva Eiger, zl, was Rav of Posen and probably one of the greatest gaonim in a generation of gaonim. It is related that during a trip, he was stuck in a storm, which compelled him to take a room in an inn. Originally, his plan had been to return that night. As a result, he had no sefarim with him from which to learn. He asked the Jewish innkeeper if he had any sefarim. The innkeeper was a devout, but unlearned, Jew. He brought out the only sefer he had: a Rashba on Meseches Yevamos. Rav Akiva Eiger began to learn from the sefer with great enthusiasm until he reached a page that had apparently fallen out. Rather than skip that page, the gaon wrote the Rashba word-for-word from memory. He completed the entire text of the missing page and placed it into the sefer.
A number of years ago, an elderly Jew knocked on the door of Rav Aharon Leib Shteinman’s apartment and asked to speak with the sage. He related that when Rav Aharon Leib was accepted in yeshivah, he was much younger than the other students. The other students, who were older, resented his presence among them. As a result, they decided to ignore him and not volunteer to be his chavrusa. They put a doll on his bed, intimating that he was a child who should be playing with dolls. When a few weeks passed and the doll still lay on the bed, remaining in the same place, they realised that the young boy was such an incredible masmid, diligent student, that he never went to bed! This transformed their attitude towards him.
Horav Chaim Kreiswirth, zl, was a brilliant Torah scholar without peer. He related that, while learning in Vilna, he had become stuck on a Tosfos. He reviewed it numerous times, to no avail. Finally, he decided to follow Chazal’s directive to review one’s lessons one hundred and one times. It took him an entire day and into the wee hours of the morning to complete this endeavour – all to no avail. He became terribly frustrated and decided that he had no recourse but to go to the cemetery and pray at the grave of the Vilna Gaon. He accompanied his prayers with copious weeping until, out of sheer exhaustion, he fell asleep on the Gaon’s grave. A short while passed, and he woke up with a start. He thought for a few moments, and it all became clear to him. He now understood the Tosfos. This is a classic example of yegias baTorah, toiling in Torah.