Three Machanos
10. Mishkan. Klal Yisroel’s encampment around the Mishkan was divided into three machanos: Machaneh Shechina, Machaneh Leviya, and Machaneh Yisroel, each with its own rules of entry. Machaneh Shechina was within the curtains, i.e., the Azara. Anyone who was tamei meis could not enter there but was allowed to be in Machaneh Leviya and Yisroel. Machaneh Leviya surrounded Machaneh Shechina. Anyone who was tamei from a bodily emission could not be in Machaneh Shechina and Leviya but could be in Machaneh Yisroel. Machaneh Yisroel was from the edge of Machaneh Leviya until the end of the flag-marked Machaneh in all four directions. Anyone with tzora’as was sent out of all the machanos (ר ש''י נשא ה', ב' עה''פ וישלחו מן המחנה, פסחים סז .).
11. Beis HaMikdash. It was the same in Yerushalayim as it was in the Midbar: Machaneh Yisroel was from Yerushalayim to Har Habayis; Machaneh Leviya was from Har HaBayis until Shaar Nikanor; and from that point on was Machaneh Shechina (גמ' זבחים דף קט''ז ע''ב, רמב''ם ביאת המקדש פ''ג ).
12. Har HaBayis. In other words, Har HaBayis has the status of Machaneh Leviya, which is forbidden to a person who is tamei due to a bodily emission. One who transgresses this and enters while tamei violates a lav. Someone who is tamei meis may enter Har HaBayis besides for the area of Machaneh Shechina, i.e., the site of the Azara. If he intentionally transgresses this and enters the site of the Azara, he is punished with kareis; if he does it unknowingly, he is chayav to bring a korban oleh v’yoreid.
13. Ezras Nashim, Cheil. The Cheil and the Ezras Nashim were part of Har HaBayis, not the Azara. Thus, strictly speaking, people who were tamei meis were allowed to go there. However, going there is assur d’rabanan as an extra precaution (תוספתא כלים פ''א ה''ח, רמב''ם פ''ז בית הבחירה הי''א ). Thus, non-Jews and people who are tamei meis may not enter the Cheil, but a t’vul yom [someone who already toiveled] may enter. The Ezras Nashim [the area in front of the Azara to the east] was forbidden to a t’vul yom and a tamei meis on a d’rabanan level, but not to a mechusar kippurim (רמב''ם פ''ג ביאת הקמדש ה''ד ).
