During Aseres Y’mei Teshuvah, one recites Hamelech Hakodosh at the end of the third Brocho, and Hamelech Hamishpat at the end of the eleventh Brocho.
One who did not say Hamelech Hakodosh: If he realized before he began the next Brocho and within the time frame it takes to say three words, he corrects his mistake. Otherwise, he must begin Shmoneh Esrei again. [The same applies if this occurs in Chazaras Hashatz, in which case Kedushah is recited again.]
If one is in doubt whether he said Hamelech Hakodosh, he needs to repeat Shmoneh Esrei.
One who did not say Hamelech Hamishpat: If he realized before he began the next Brocho and within the time frame it takes to say three words, he may correct his mistake. Otherwise, he should continue Shmoneh Esrei without correcting his mistake. In this event, it is ideal to daven Shmoneh Esrei a second time, as a Nedavah, in order to say Hamelech Hamishpat. [However, if this occurs to the Chazzan – in either Shmoneh Esrei – he does not repeat it a second time.]
If one mistakenly omitted any of the other four additions (Zochreinu, Mi Chomocha, u’Chsov, u’Vsefer Chaim), he may recite it at the place he remembers if he has not yet said Hashem’s name at the end of that Brocho. Otherwise, he continues Shmoneh Esrei and does not go back.
During Chazaras Hashatz, the congregation recites the selections of u’chsov and u’Vsefer Chaim aloud before the Chazzan says them.
