All men and boys over the age of Bar Mitzvah must hear the Shofar. Boys under Bar Mitzvah who are of the age of Chinuch (i.e. old enough to understand the concept of Tekias Shofar) must also hear the Shofar.
Women and girls over Bas Mitzvah are technically exempt, but the custom is for them to hear anyway.
It says in the Siddur that after Krias Hatorah one must prepare for Tekias Shofar. The Siddur does not specify how, and the Rebbe explains that this is because everyone must make a personal soul-preparation that is inspiring on his level.
During the Tekios, the Sifrei Torah are held by those standing around the Bimah.
The Ba’al Tokeiah, the Makrie, and the Chazanim do not wear a Kittel.
The Makrie does not necessarily have to be the Chazzan for Shacharis. The Makrie points to the correct place, but does not say anything.
One should ensure that his children participate in Tekios and davening as much as appropriate for their age.
One should ensure that children are quiet. Infants who may cry unexpectedly should be with their mothers. If an infant cries or makes noise, the mother should take the child out of Shule, and hear Shofar later.
It is customary for the congregation to stand during Tekios. One may lean or sit if standing is difficult.
The Yehi Ratzon immediately before the Brochos is said only by the Ba’al Tokeiah.
When the Ba’al Tokeiah says the Brochos, one should have in mind to be Yoitzei the Brochos from him. One should not say “Boruch Hu u’Voruch Shmoi”. [If one accidently did so, he does not recite the Brochos again.]
When hearing the Shofar, one must have in mind to fulfil the Mitzvah of Shofar.
Between the Brochos and the very first Shofar sound, one should avoid speaking at all – even matters relevant to the Tekios. If one did speak at this time, if it was a matter unrelated to the Tekios, he needs to recite the Brochos again.
The Brochos recited on the Shofar are valid for all the blasts that will be sounded until the end of Musaf. Therefore, from the time of the Brochos until after Kaddish Tiskabel at the end of Musaf, one should not speak any matter irrelevant to the Tekios or the Tefillos. If one did speak during this time, he does not repeat the Brochos, but should refrain from speaking unnecessarily again.
If one uses the facilities during this period of time, Asher Yatzar may be recited.
It says in the Siddur between the three Sedorim (sections) of the Shofar that “one confesses silently”. The Frierdiker Rebbe explains that this refers to one’s intense longing to connect with his Father in Heaven, and to become a changed person. [This is a fitting time for “Tziyur Pnei Harav”.]
The Yehi Ratzon after the Tekios is also said by the congregation. One should not begin reciting it until the Tekiah Gedolah is completely finished.
According to Kabballah, after the Sefer Torah is returned to the Aron Hakoidesh, the Baal Tokeiah faces the congregation in order that they may gaze at him.
