The Medrash (Shemos Rabbah 1:5) explains how each of the names of the twelve sons of Yaakov is connected with the redemption: The name Reuven is as the Possuk (Shemos 3.7) says רָּאֹה רָּאִיתִי אֶּת עֳנִי עַמִי I have surely ‘seen’ the affliction of My people, (which brought on the redemption). The name of Shimon is as the Possuk (Shemos 2.24) says וַיִשְׁמַע אֱלֹקִים אֶּת נַאֲקָּתָּם and HaShem ‘heard’ their cry. The name of Levi is on account of HaShem ‘connecting’ with the sorrows of the B’nei Yisroel from within the burning bush to fulfil that which the Possuk (Tehilim 91.15) says עִמוֹ אָּנֹכִ י בְׁצָּרָּה I am with him in distress. The name Yehudah is on account of ‘submission’ to HaShem. The name Yissochor is from the word שְׁכַר meaning reward, which HaShem gave them because of their servitude, the spoils of Egypt, and the spoils of the sea to fulfil that which the Possuk (Shemos 3.7) says וְׁאַחֲרֵי כֵן יֵצְׁאוּ בִרְׁ כֻש גָּדוֹל and afterwards they will go forth with great possessions.
The name Zevulun is because HaShem rested his Divine presence within them as the Possuk says (Shemos 25.8) וְׁעָּשוּ לִי מִקְׁדָּש וְׁשָּכַנְׁתִי בְׁתוֹכָּם “And they shall make Me a sanctuary and I will dwell in their midst,” and Zevulun means the Beis Hamikdosh as the Possuk says (Melochim 1 8.13) בָּנֹה בָּנִיתִי בֵית זְׁבֻל לָּךְ מָּכוֹן לְׁשִבְׁתְׁךָ עוֹלָּמִים “I have surely built you a house to dwell in, a settled place for you to dwell in forever”. The name of Binyomin is as the Possuk states (Shemos 15.6) יְׁמִינְׁךָ ה׳ נֶּאְׁדָּרִ י בַכֹחַ “your right hand, HaShem, is most powerful”. The name of Don is as the Possuk (Bereishis 15.14) states: וְׁגַם אֶּת הַגוֹי אֲשֶּר יַעֲבֹדוּ דָּן אָּנֹכִי וְׁאַחֲרֵי כֵן יֵצְׁאוּ בִרְׁ כֻש גָּדוֹל and also the nation that they will serve will I ‘judge’, and afterwards they will go forth with great possessions. The name of Naftoli is on account of the Torah and Mitzvos that HaShem gave them about which it is written (Tehilim 19.11): וּמְׁתוּקִים מִדְׁבַש וְׁנֹפֶּת צוּפִים are sweeter than honey and drippings of honeycombs. The name of the tribe of Gad is on account of the manna which HaShem fed them, which was like כְׁזֶּרַע גַד coriander seed. The name of Osher is because they were praised by all who heard of their redemption and their greatness, as the Possuk (Malachi 3.12) says: וְׁאִשְׁ רוּ אֶּתְׁכֶּם כָּל הַגוֹיִם כִי תִהְׁיוּ אַתֶּם אֶּרֶּץ חֵפֶּץ אָּמַר ה׳ צְׁבָּאוֹת And then all the nations shall ‘praise’ you, for you shall be a desirable land, says HaShem the Lord of Hosts. Yosef was so-called on account of the fact that in the future Hakodosh Boruch Hu is going to ‘increase’ and redeem Yisroel from being subject to wicked sovereignty, just as He redeemed them from Egypt as the verse (Yeshaya 11.11) states: וְׁהָּיָּה בַיוֹם הַהוּא יוֹסִיף ה׳ שֵנִית יָּדוֹ וְׁגוֹ׳ And it shall come to pass that on that day, HaShem shall continue to apply His hand a second time etc.
In other words, when the children of Yisroel came down to Egypt, at the very beginning of the descent, already then was there in a state completion the intention and purpose of all, a descent for the benefit of an ascent, the redemption of Yisroel.
