When Reading in Shul, DO NOT Read During Davening or Krias HaTorah
...Continued from the previous week
1) An umbrella may not be used on Shabbos, even within an Eiruv, and even if it was opened before Shabbos.
The exact reason for this prohibition is a subject of discussion among the Poskim, but virtually all Poskim concur that it has universally been accepted to prohibit its use on Shabbos under any circumstances (See Shu"t Noda B'Yehuda, Mahadura Tinyana, Orach Chaim Siman 30, Chazon Ish Orach Chaim Siman 52:6, Biur Halacha Siman 315 Dibur Hamaschil Tefach and Shemiras Shabbos K'Hilchasa Perek 24:15. See also Shu”t Rivevos Ephraim Vol. 7 Siman 105)
2) An umbrella is Muktzeh on Shabbos, as it is classified as a Kli SheMelachto L’Isur, and should not be moved on Shabbos unless it is L’Tzorech Gufo or L’Tzorech Mekomo.
3) It is prohibited for adults, as well as for children who have already reached the age of Chinuch, to ride a bicycle on Shabbos.
Why this is prohibited is a discussion among the Poskim. Some say due to Uvda D’Chol, some say it's Tikun Maneh as it will often require fixing, some say it was part of the Gezeira of riding animals, some say due to Choresh, but virtually all Poskim agree that it is prohibited. (See Kaf Hachaim Siman 404:8, Shemiras Shabbos K’Hilchasa Perek 16:17, Shu”t Tzitz Eliezer Vol.1 Siman 21:27; Vol. 4 Siman 4:8 and Vol. 7 Siman 30, Shu”t Mishneh Halachos Vol. 7 Siman 71 and Shu”t Ohr L’Tzion Vol.2 Siman 42. See also Shu”t Yaskil Avdi Orach Chaim Vol. 3 Siman 12:5 regarding the opinion of the Ben Ish Chai and Sh"ut Yabia Omer Vol. 10 Siman 54:12 and 55:2)
Children may ride tricycles within an Eiruv.
If there is a bell on the tricycle it should be removed before Shabbos. (See Children in Halacha, from Rav Simcha Bunim Cohen, page 138. See also Chazon Ovadia; Shabbos Vol. 4 page 40)
Some Poskim also allow young children to use scooters, skateboards and skates on Shabbos within an Eiruv, as for them it is deemed a toy, while other Poskim are more stringent and deem it Uvda D’chol, a weekday activity. (See Shemiras Shabbos Kehilchasa Perek 16:18 and Piskei Teshuvos Siman 248 footnote 33)
For Halacha L’Ma’aseh every individual must consult their Rav.
4) Bicycles, scooters, skateboards and skates which are not used on Shabbos are classified as a Kelim SheMelachto L’Isur, and should not be moved on Shabbos unless it is L’Tzorech Gufo or L’Tzorech Mekomo.
5) If the teeth need to be brushed on Shabbos, according to many Poskim it may only be done softly, with a dry brush which is designated for Shabbos use, ) in a way that will not cause bleeding. (According to some authorities, it has to even look different than the regular weekday toothbrush. See Shu”t Minchas Yitzchok Vol. 3 Siman 48 and 50 and Minchas Shlomo Vol. 2:35:3
Toothpaste may not be used according to Rav Moshe Feinstein Zatzal (Igros Moshe Orach Chaim Vol. 1 Siman 112) and most contemporary Ashkenazic Poskim. (See Shu"t Tzitz Eliezer Vol. 7:30:8. See also Shemiras Shabbos K'Hilchas Perek 14:9. Rav Ovadia Yoseph Zatzal in Shu"t Yabia Omer Vol. 4 Siman 30 allowed the use of toothpaste.)
The brush may not be rinsed off after use, according to most Poskim, as doing so is preparing it for the next use, which will be after Shabbos.
Even though there may be permissible ways to do it, many scrupulous people avoid brushing their teeth on Shabbos with a toothbrush altogether.
Every individual should consult with their Rav for Halacha L'Ma'seh.
6) One who uses a toothbrush on Shabbos (in a proper way, as described above, after consulting with his/her Rav) can treat it as a Kli SheMelachto L’Heter.
One who does not, should treat it as a Kli SheMelachto L’Isur
...To be continued next week B’Ezras Hashem
