The Sefas Emes elaborates on the same idea in next week's parsha, Parshas Vayishlach. He incorporates it in one of the pesukim which relate how Yaakov sent the many gifts to his brother Eisav, to appease him. Yaakov Avinu instructed his messengers that if, upon meeting them, Eisav inquires "לְמִי אַתָּה, אָנָה תֵלֵךְ, וּלְמִי אֵלֶּה לְפָנִיךָ" - "whose (servants) are you, where are you going, and whose are these that are before you?" They should answer "לְעַבְדְּךָ לְיַעְקֹב מִנְחָה הִיא שְׁלוּחָה לַאדֹנִי לְעֵשָׁו וְהִנֵּה גַם הוּא אַחְרֵיֽנוּ" - (we are) your servant Yaakov's (servants), it is a gift sent to my lord Eisav, and behold he is coming after us" (בראשית לב יט).
He quotes his grandfather, the Chidushei Harim, who explains these three questions based on a mishna in Pirkei Avos (פרק ג משנה א). This mishna famously states that to keep oneself from sinning, one should bear in mind מֵאַיִן בָּאתָה - where did you come from? וּלְאָן אַתָּה הוֹלֵךְ - where will you end up? and וְלִפְנֵי מִי אַתָּה עָתִיד לִתֵּן דִּין וְחֶשְׁבּאוֹן? - by Whom will you be held accountable in the future?
The Chidushei Harim says that the Yetzer Hora also makes a person ponder these three questions, but with a different purpose; to dissuade him from progressing in his Avodas Hashem. He makes a person reflect on his spiritual level so that he should be filled with worry and despair. Accordingly, this pasuk alludes to the Yetzer Hora, כִּי יִפְגָּשְׁךָ עֵשָׁו - when Eisav will meet you, meaning, when you will encounter the Yetzer Hora, and he will confront you with those troubling questions; "from where do you come? Where are you heading to?..."
To counter those thoughts, one must focus proudly on his strong side, responding to those perturbing queries in an assuring manner. "To whom do I belong? Where do I come from?" The answer is, "לְעַבְדְּךָ לְיַעְקֹב" - to 'Your servant Yaakov', I come from greatness and I belong to Klal Yisroel, Hashem's beloved nation!"