21. This year [5785], Purim of unwalled cities – 14 Adar, falls on Friday and Shushan Purim – 15 Adar II – falls on Shabbos; hence, Purim this year is celebrated in Yerushalayim as a Purim Meshulash [relevant dinim are written in Gilyan 214]. Whilst Purim in most cities other than Yerushalaim is celebrated on Erev Shabbos. There are several halochos that are necessary to know, in order to make sure everything is done according to Halacha.
To know the luach zmanim
22. Since there are some laws that are time-sensitive, it is advisable for a person to be familiar with the times of day in the place where he is, such as the times of Mincha gedoila and ketana, Plag, the time of hadlakas Neiros, Shkiah and nacht, and at least have the luach close at hand, so that he can easily check the times and ensure that he will not come to desecrate the holy Shabbas.
When to Eat the Seudoh
23. In the morning. When Purim falls on Friday, the seudoh should be made in the morning out of respect for Shabbos (רמ"א סי' תרצ"ה ס"ב ), lechatchiloh before chatzos hayom. That is to say, the seudoh should at least start before chatzos (ערוה"ש ס"ז ).
24. In the afternoon. However, strictly speaking, since it is a seudas mitzvoh whose zman is on Erev Shabbos, one has until bein hashmoshos to begin (רמ"א סי' רמ"ט ס"ב ומ"ב שם סקי"ג ).
25. Some say even lechatchiloh, one may begin (ב"ח ומג"א סי' רמ"ט סק"ו ) the seudoh until right before the beginning of the 10th hour (מהרי"ל הוזכר במ"ב סק"י ).
26. Pores Mapeh Umekadeish. Some lechatchiloh daven Minchoh at the beginning of the afternoon and start the seudoh right afterward, like on a regular Purim. One who does this should make sure to eat meat and drink wine while it is still day. Then, before Shabbos arrives, he should accept the kedushoh of Shabbos, put out a cloth, make Kiddush, continue the seudoh as his Shabbos seudoh (הוזכר במג"א סי' תרצ"ה סק"ט ), and daven Maariv afterward (ט"ז סי' רע"א סק"ד, מג"א סק"ה, מ"ב סקי"א ). Although there are many Poskim who have prevented this from being done because of the multitude of laws involved in this and which are not so well known to the majority of people, nevertheless, those who are well-versed in their laws can do so. See below (32) for relevant halochos.
Minchoh on Erev Shabos
27. One may not start a meal close to minchoh ketanoh (שו"ע סי' רל"ב ס"ב ). This is especially true for a Purim seudoh, which, due to the prevalence of drunkenness, may be considered a “large seudoh” (ע"פ מ"ב שם סקכ"ט ). Thus, one who starts the seudoh after minchoh ketanoh must make sure to daven Minchoh first. Certainly one who fulfills his Purim seudoh and Shabbos seudoh together through “poreis mapoh” must daven Minchoh first.
Leining Megilloh Bein Hashmoshos Friday Evening
28. True story. Shushan Purim last year was also on Erev Shabbos. A minyan in a certain beis medrash was in the middle of the Friday night Maariv when a group of tipsy bochurim suddenly came in, saying they had not yet heard the Megilloh. In such a scenario, are they allowed to lein the Megilloh in another room?
29. Is a megilloh muktzeh? Some poskim say that since the Megilloh is not read on Shabbos out of concern it will be transported four amos in a reshus horabim (שו"ע סי' תרפ"ח ס"ו ), it is muktzeh on Shabbos (פר"ח סק"ו, ח"א סי' קנ"ה ס"י ).
30. However, many poskim hold a megilloh is not muktzeh on Shabbos (מ"ב סי' תרפ"ח סקי"ח, סתימת מ"ב סי' ש"ח סקכ"ב ). Some rule that we follow the machmir opinion when 15 Adar falls on Shabbos (שו"ת חת"ס או"ח סי' קצ"ה ) since Chazal said the Megilloh may not be leined on that Shabbos, but we are meikel on other Shabbosos (שע"ת סי' תרצ"ג סק"א ). Even if Shabbos is Motzei Purim, it would not be muktzeh since the gezeiroh was only for the day on which there is a chiyuv to lein the Megilloh; there is no chiyuv on 16 Adar.
31. In the above case, the bochurim are allowed to lein the Megilloh until zman Rabbeinu Tam, which is a sofeik: if it is daytime, they fulfill the chiyuv to lein; if it is nighttime, they are merely reading pesukim, and most poskim hold the megilloh is not muktzeh (שו"ת אבני ישפה ח"ה סי' צ"ח ). They should not make the brochos on the leining since the brochos are only made if the leining will finish before shkioh (מ"ב סי' תרפ"ז סק"ה ). If they always follow zman Rabbeinu Tam for all matters, they may make the brochos if their leining will finish before Rabbeinu Tam's shkioh.
Spreading a Cloth ["Poreis Mapoh"] and Making Kiddush
32. If one began his Purim seudoh during the day and wants to continue it into the night as his Shabbos seudoh, he must stop eating and make Kiddush close to bein hashmoshos before continuing since the chiyuv of Kiddush takes effect then (שו"ע סי' רע"א ס"ד ).
Caution for Issurei Shabbos
33. Checking pockets. One must check his pockets and remove anything muktzeh, e.g., money, a phone, [cigarettes..] and the like, before accepting Shabbos. Before the start of the seudoh, it is advisable to appoint a responsible person who will not drink too much as a ‘muktzeh gabbai,’ who will remind everyone to put away their muktzeh items. They should also appoint a ‘Shabbos gabbai’ to announce how many minutes there are until licht bentching, how much time until shkioh, etc.
Kabbolas Shabbos
34. Kabbolas Shabbos. At some point, Shabbos must be accepted. This should not be before plag haminchoh, nor later than a bit before shkioh. At that point, melochoh, eating, and drinking become ossur until Kiddush is made.
35. Lechoh Dodi, Mizmor Shir. The men should say or sing the paragraphs of Kabbolas Shabbos, Lechoh Dodi, and ‘Mizmor Shir Leyom HaShabbos.’ In doing so, they accept Shabbos as long as it is between plag and shkioh.
36. Licht bentching. The wife should light candles either at the licht bentching zman; from plag and onward; or when her husband says ‘Mizmor Shir.’ At that point, she may not do melochoh, eat, or drink until Kiddush.
37. A woman who is eating out and is not home at this time does not need to go home to light candles; she may light at her host's house since that is her place of eating. Before leaving her house, she should make sure that there will be light [even electric light], so that it will not be dark when she comes home after the seudoh.
Kiddush
38. ‘Let’s make Kiddush.’ If, before shkioh (מ"ב סקי"ט ) and Kiddush, people at a meal said ‘Let’s make Kiddush” or anything similar, they may not continue eating or drinking until Kiddush is made since their chiyuv of Kiddush has taken effect (שו"ע סי' רע"א ס"ה ). If they want to drink – even though they are not allowed to before Kiddush – they must make Hagofen again since ‘Let’s make Kiddush’ is a hesech hadaas, like the halochoh about saying ‘Let’s bentch’ (מ"ב סקכ"א ).
39. The song ‘Lomir Machen Kiddush’. There is a popular song with the words, ‘lomir machen Kiddush oif der gantzen velt...’. If they sang this song at this seudoh in preparation for the Shabbos Kiddush, it is as if they said ‘Let’s make Kiddush’ and their chiyuv takes effect, as above, unless they sang the song without any kavonoh at all.
40. ‘Poreis mapoh.’ Before making Kiddush on wine, lechem mishneh that was not previously on the table must be brought out (ערוה"ש סי' רע"א סי"ג, שו"ת מגדנות אליהו ח"א סי' קמ"ו ). A cloth should be laid over the challos, as well as over any whole challos on the table (א"א בוטשאטש ס"ס קפ"ב ), so that they are covered for Kiddush (מ"ב סקט"ו ), hence the name Pores mapeh umekadish.
41. Kiddush. A cup of wine is brought out and Kiddush is said. If the one making Kiddush already made a Hagofen on wine during the seudoh [which is likely the case during a Purim seudoh], he should not make Hagofen again during Kiddush. Instead, he should say the whole Kiddush without Hagofen and drink the cup of wine.
42. If, before Kiddush, he said ‘Let’s make Kiddush,” the poskim (מג"א וט"ז ) debate whether he may say Hagofen in Kiddush. Therefore, a scrupulous person should make sure not to say ‘Let’s make Kiddush’ or any similar phrase (מ"ב סקכ"א ).
Hamotzi
43. Hamotzi. Since they are in the middle of a seudoh and already made Hamotzi, technically they do not need to make Hamotzi again on the lechem mishneh after Kiddush. Still, the poskim debate whether the Kiddush that was said qualifies as a hefsek from the original Hamotzi (ב' דיעות בשו"ע סי' רע"א ס"ד ). Therefore, based on the rule of sofeik brochos lehokeil, they should neither make Hamotzi, nor wash their hands again.
44. Cutting the challoh. Even though they are not making Hamotzi on the lechem mishneh, it is still preferable for each person to eat from the lechem mishneh to fulfill the mitzvoh of lechem mishneh (שו"ת מגדנות אליהו ח"א סי' קמ"ז ). There is no need to mark the challoh with a knife, as is usually customary (שו"ע סי' קס"ז ס"א ), since no brochoh is being made.
45. Lechatchiloh, each person should eat slightly more than a kebeitzoh (שו"ע סי' רצ"א ס"א ומ"ב שם סק"ב ), or at least a kezayis, so that their Kiddush is in the same place as their seudoh (מ"ב סי' רע"א סקל"ה ). It is proper to be machmir to eat a kezayis of bread after tzeis (מג"א סי' רס"ז ).
46. Avoiding uncertainty. To avoid uncertainty, someone who fulfilled his seudoh earlier on Purim may make Kiddush for everyone, or everyone can make their own Kiddush and he can be motzi them with Hagofen. He can also be motzi them with Hamotzi (הגר"ש לאבל, קונ טרס פריסת שלומים סי' ד').
47. Woman being motzi others. A woman may also be motzi the men with Kiddush since they are equally chayov when the men have not yet davened Maariv (שו"ע סי' רע"א ס"ב ). If she has not yet made Hagofen, she may also be motzi the men with Hagofen. However, it is improper for women to be motzi men outside of their family (מ"ב סי' רע"א סק"ד ).
Bentching – Retzei and Al Hanisim
48. Did not eat bread at night. If one made a ‘poreis mapoh’ seudoh but did not eat after tzeis, some say he should say Retzei in bentching, but he should not repeat it if he forgets (שו"ע סי' רע"א ס"ו ומ"ב סקכ"ט ול'); others say he should not say Retzei (רמ"א שם ).
49. Ate at night. If one began his seudoh by day, continued into Shabbos night, and ate at night, all poskim agree he should say Retzei (מ"ב שם ).
50. Al Hanisim. If one says Retzei in bentching, he should not say Al Hanisim since that would be contradictory. Since Al Hanisim is not as crucial, he should only say Retzei (מ"ב סי' תרצ"ה סקט"ו ).
